Dr. Muhammad Mosaddegh, whose name is ingrained with the oil nationalization movement of Iran is undoubtedly considered as one of the history makers of Iran. Muhammad Mosaddegh (May 19th or June 16th of 1882 – March 5th, 1965) known as Dr. Mosaddegh who was also known as Mosaddegh al-Saltaneh before the prohibition of using titles was a politician, Jurist and two time prime minister of Iran. Muhammad Mosaddegh was the first Iranian who had a Ph.D. in Law. Mosaddegh was one of the fans of Iran’s constitutional revolution and believed that Shah had to be only a symbol of unity. Mosaddegh tried in his prime minister era to limit Shah’s power to a determined framework of the constitutional law.
Mosaddegh became prime minister in 1967 and he nationalized Iran’s oil as his first step. For this reason, the plot of his government downfall was conducted by England (that before the nationalization of Iran’s oil owned much of it) and finally in August 20th of 1953 a coup was conducted by CIA and Mosaddegh’s government fell. One of the other reasons for his government’s downfall was the disagreements of Abulqasim Kashani with Mosaddeq. While Kashani used to support Mosaddeq, he started opposing him with a large mass of clergymen. After that, Mosaddegh was sentenced in the military court and despite the documented argument he presented in court, he was sentenced to three years of solitary prison. After bearing three years of prison, Mosaddegh was exiled by the order of Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi to Ahmad Abad fortress and was kept under surveillance until his last days. Mosaddegh finally died of cancer in March 5th, 1965 in the age of 84 in the Najmieh hospital of Tehran under the surveillance of SAVAK agents and was buried in Ahmad Abad.